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          <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">玩转OpenWrt（1）OpenWrt的前世今生</h2>
        

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        <h1 id="什么是OpenWrt"><a href="#什么是OpenWrt" class="headerlink" title="什么是OpenWrt"></a>什么是OpenWrt</h1><p>官网的介绍是这样一句话：</p>
<p>OpenWrt是一个为嵌入式设备设计的一款Linux操作系统，它可以用于替换庞大数量的无线路由器以及非网络设备的原厂固件。</p>
<p>从上面的描述中，我们可以得到这些信息：</p>
<ol>
<li>OpenWrt是一种Linux操作系统。</li>
<li>它是为无线路由器而设计的。</li>
</ol>
<p>开源的路由器系统，除了OpenWrt，还有Pandava、DD-Wrt等，OpenWrt有什么特别之处呢？</p>
<p>一个最大的不同就是：</p>
<p><strong>OpenWrt是一个完全为嵌入式设备构建的功能全面、易于修改的由现代Linux内核驱动的操作系统。</strong></p>
<p>这就让OpenWrt的可扩展性变得非常高，也更容易移植到更多的硬件上去。</p>
<p>OpenWrt提供了一个完全可写的文件系统及软件包管理，这一点非常重要，OpenWrt的灵魂就是各种插件，我们可以通过安装各种插件来满足我们的个性化需求。</p>
<p>经过10多年的发展，目前OpenWrt已经成为智能路由器的事实标准。</p>
<h1 id="LEDE和OpenWrt的关系"><a href="#LEDE和OpenWrt的关系" class="headerlink" title="LEDE和OpenWrt的关系"></a>LEDE和OpenWrt的关系</h1><p>有时候，我们也会看到LEDE这个词。那么OpenWrt和LEDE是什么关系呢？</p>
<p>简单来说，OpenWrt和LEDE可以看作一个东西。你可以理解为同一个东西，起了2个不同的名字。</p>
<p>如果要盘根究底，那么整个过程是这样的：</p>
<ol>
<li>先有的OpenWrt。</li>
<li>OpenWrt在发展过程中，碰到了一些问题，一些核心开发人员对OpenWrt的现状非常不满，于是另起炉灶，另外成立了LEDE项目组。</li>
<li>LEDE的名字含义是Linux Embedded Development Environment。表示Linux嵌入式开发环境。它的目标就比较大，想要打造一套Linux开发环境，就是一键编译得到一个完整的Linux系统，这个系统可以用在包括无线路由器在内的多种硬件上。</li>
<li>LEDE发展地不错，OpenWrt本身反而不太行了。但是OpenWrt的品牌已经深入人心，LEDE则显得不那么知名。</li>
<li>于是LEDE和OpenWrt项目组和解了，2018年1月，OpenWrt和以前的LEDE项目同意以OpenWrt这一名称进行合并。用LEDE的代码，OpenWrt的项目名字，形成了新的OpenWrt项目。也就是我们现在用的。新的、统一的OpenWrt项目将按照由前LEDE项目建立的章程进行管理。合并后的项目将使用基于以前的LEDE项目的代码库。OpenWrt特定的修补程序不会放在LEDE存储库中，但符合LEDE代码质量要求的已集成到新的项目树中。以前在lede-project.org域下提供的基础设施大部分已转移到相应的openwrt.org子域，并将在适当的时候实施重定向。</li>
<li>以后，LEDE这个名字会慢慢淡化，直到消失在时间里。</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="为什么要使用OpenWrt"><a href="#为什么要使用OpenWrt" class="headerlink" title="为什么要使用OpenWrt"></a>为什么要使用OpenWrt</h1><h2 id="高性能及高稳定性"><a href="#高性能及高稳定性" class="headerlink" title="高性能及高稳定性"></a>高性能及高稳定性</h2><p>OpenWrt由专注网络性能的网络专家等专业人士设计。</p>
<p>OpenWrt整合了许多最新研究的算法，因此其性能远远优于供应商提供的固件。</p>
<p>OpenWrt使用缓冲池控制算法在减少延迟（或滞后）的同时增加网络吞吐量。</p>
<p>无线网络优化让设备间支持更高的数据速率和均衡的通信时长。</p>
<p>在制造商停止更新之后很长一段时间，老旧设备仍然受OpenWrt改进支持。</p>
<h2 id="高安全性"><a href="#高安全性" class="headerlink" title="高安全性"></a>高安全性</h2><p>OpenWrt是一个开源软件，来自全世界的许多开发者在发布前反复检查它的源码。</p>
<p>OpenWrt的默认配置非常保守，可以在路由器或连接设备免受攻击的情况下实现完全的互联网连接。</p>
<h2 id="可扩展性"><a href="#可扩展性" class="headerlink" title="可扩展性"></a>可扩展性</h2><p>尽管路由器的供应商固件只有固化的功能，但OpenWrt提供了超过 3000个可供安装的软件包 。</p>
<p>在您的路由器上运行 广告拦截功能，以便您可以在任何连接路由的设备上享受干净整洁的网络体验。</p>
<p>让您的路由器成为 家庭自动化的核心</p>
<p>通过DDNS脚本 获得比供应商固件更广泛的 动态DNS(ddns) 服务商。</p>
<h2 id="完全免费"><a href="#完全免费" class="headerlink" title="完全免费"></a>完全免费</h2><p>OpenWrt以GPL协议发布，感谢包括个人和公司等志愿者的努力，让大家在使用时无需额外支出订购或授权费用。</p>
<h1 id="OpenWrt所支持设备的一般要求"><a href="#OpenWrt所支持设备的一般要求" class="headerlink" title="OpenWrt所支持设备的一般要求"></a>OpenWrt所支持设备的一般要求</h1><p>受OpenWrt支持的解决方案</p>
<ul>
<li>有足够的闪存来储存OpenWrt固件镜像</li>
<li>最少4MB，无法安装GUI(LuCI）</li>
<li>推荐8MB及以上，能安装GUI和其他应用程序</li>
<li>有足够的内存(RAM)来保证稳定运行</li>
<li>最少32MB，推荐64MB或以上</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="支持OpenWrt的路由器列表"><a href="#支持OpenWrt的路由器列表" class="headerlink" title="支持OpenWrt的路由器列表"></a>支持OpenWrt的路由器列表</h1><p>博通方案的路由器，因为驱动在开源方面有限制，所以支持不太好。</p>
<p>这个是官方的支持的路由器列表：</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://openwrt.org/zh/toh/views/toh_available_864">https://openwrt.org/zh/toh/views/toh_available_864</a></p>
<h1 id="需求帮助"><a href="#需求帮助" class="headerlink" title="需求帮助"></a>需求帮助</h1><p>官方帮助文档：</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://openwrt.org/zh/docs/start">https://openwrt.org/zh/docs/start</a></p>
<p>这个文档足够丰富，但是排版不算太好，总体质量不高。如果可能，我后续会逐步挑选一些文章翻译到本站点。</p>

      
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              <div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AFOpenWrt"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">什么是OpenWrt</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#LEDE%E5%92%8COpenWrt%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">LEDE和OpenWrt的关系</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%A6%81%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8OpenWrt"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">为什么要使用OpenWrt</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E9%AB%98%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E5%8F%8A%E9%AB%98%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7"><span class="nav-number">3.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">高性能及高稳定性</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E9%AB%98%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%80%A7"><span class="nav-number">3.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">高安全性</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%8F%AF%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E6%80%A7"><span class="nav-number">3.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">可扩展性</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%AE%8C%E5%85%A8%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%B9"><span class="nav-number">3.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">完全免费</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#OpenWrt%E6%89%80%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">OpenWrt所支持设备的一般要求</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81OpenWrt%E7%9A%84%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%99%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">支持OpenWrt的路由器列表</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82%E5%B8%AE%E5%8A%A9"><span class="nav-number">6.</span> <span class="nav-text">需求帮助</span></a></li></ol></div>
            

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